Assam – Indian State – Know your State – UPSC 10/05/2019 – Posted in: STATE SERIES

ASSAM

assam state

 

Capital Dispur
State Boundaries West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, Meghalaya.
International Boundaries Bhutan, Bangladesh
Geographical Features
  • High land and Plains
  • Great river valleys of the Brahmaputra
  • Brahmaputra drains in Assam
Climate
  • Warm in Summer
  • Cool in winter
  • Cool and warm periods with a high humidity
Biosphere Reserves
  • Dibru-Saikhowa (Dibrugarh and Tinsukia districts)
  • Manas
Wildlife Sanctuaries
  • Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary
  • Laokhowa Wildlife Sanctuary
  • Bornadi Wildlife Sanctuary
  • Nambor Wildlife Sanctuary
  • Sonai Rupa Wildlife Sanctuary
  • Hollongapar Gibbon Wildlife Sanctuary
  • Garampani Wildlife Sanctuary
  • East Karbi Anglong Sanctuary
  • Bura-Chapori Wildlife Sanctuary
  • Chakrasila Wildlife Sanctuary
  • Pani Dihing Bird Sanctuary
National Parks
  • Kaziranga National Park
  • Manas National Park
  • Orang (Rajiv Gandhi) National Park
  • Dibru-Saikhowa National Park
  • Nameri National Park
Island Majuli
Resources Petroleum (Crude), Natural Gas (utilized), Coal, Limestone and minor minerals, Quartzite, Feldspar etc.
Institutions Rain Forest Research Institutie, Jorhat
Agriculture
  • Principal food crop – Rice
  • Cash Crop – Jute, tea, cotton, oilseeds, sugarcane, potato etc.
  • Horticulture – Orange, Banana, Pineapple, Arecanut, Coconut, Guava, Mango, Jackfruit and citrus fruits.
Irrigation and Power
  • Chandrapur Thermal Project
  • Nampru Thermal Project
  • Taipaimukh Dam Project
  • Few Mobile Gas Turbine
  • Mini Hydro-electric Project
Silk Muga, Eri, Pat silk
Oil Industry Digboi Refinery – birth place of the Oil Industry in India.
Dance Bihu, Sattriya, Oja-Pali, Jhumar, Deodhani Nritya
Culture Vashnavism
Festivals
  • Bohag Bihu
  • Elephant Festival
  • Dehing Patkai
  • Tea Festival
  • Ambubachi Mela
World Heritage Sites Kaziranga National Park, Manas Wildlife sanctuary
Tribes Dimasa, Karbi, Lalung, Bodo, Khampti, Rabha, Deori, Chamka

 

Facts:

  • Assam is known for Assam tea & Assam silk.
  • Its topographical asymmetry is underscored by the Barail hill range sandwiched between 2 valleys – Brahmaputra & Barak – named after dominant rivers.
  • Its accessibility with rest of India through chickens neck makes it a gateway to the north eastern states.
  • Important Jute growing state.
  • Haflong lake: Natural lake on the only hill station of Assam. The Hill station is regarded as ‘Scotland of Assam’.
  • Hajong Lake: It is also known as the Tortoise Lake which is situated on the Langting Mupa Reserve. On the bank of this lake third annual tortoise festival was held.
  • Most portion of the Brahmaputra sub-basin lying in Assam consists of hills, forests and tea gardens
  • First oil well in Asia – Digboi (Assam)
  • Oil fields are at Naharkatiya Moran, Hugrijan, Rudrasagar and Lakwa.
  • Upper Assam is well known as an oil area. The oil found in this area has led to the installation of four oil refineries in Assam the first at Digboi, the second at Guwahati, the third at Bongaigaon and the fourth at Numaligarh.
  • Coal: Makum coal field from Patkai Range
  • Dhubri is an important river port on River Brahmaputra
  • It became a British protectorate in 1826 when the Burmese ceded Assam to the British under the provision of the Treaty of Yandabo.

 

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