Jharkhand – Know Your States 23/05/2019 – Posted in: STATE SERIES – Tags:

JHARKHAND

 

jharkhand

The region enshrouded in the hills and forests inaccessible to a large segment of people. It is the 28th State which came into being on 15 November 2000. It was split from southern Bihar and was formed into another state.

  • Jharkhand is also known as “a Goldmine of Mineral Resources”.

 

Capital
  • Ranchi
  • Dumka (Sub-Capital)
Date of Formation 15th November 2000
Number of Districts 24
State Boundaries Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, West Bengal
State Animal Elephant
State Bird Koel
State Tree Sal
State Flower Palash
Languages Sadri, Khariya, Panchparagnia, Ho, Bangla, Hindi, Urdu, Santhali, Mundari , Kurukh, Khortha, Nagpuria, Malto, Karmali
Rivers Ghagra, Damodar, Barakar, Aon, Kosi, Mayurakshi
Major Crops Paddy, Maize, Wheat
Geographical Features
  • Most of the state lies on the Chota Nagpur Plateau.
  • Much of the state is still covered by forest.
Geographical divisions North Chotanagpur, Palamau, South Chotanagpur, Kolhan, Santhal Pargana
Soil Red Soil, Micacious Soil, Sandy Soil, Black Soil, Laterite Soil
Minerals Uranium, Iron Ore, Mica, Bauxite, Granite, Gold, Silver, Graphite, Magnetite, Dolomite, Fireclay, Quartz, Fieldspar, Coal (32% of India), Iron, Copper (25%of India)
Famous Places
  • Baidyanath Jyotirlinga/Baidyanath Dham, Deoghar
  • Jubilee Park of Jamshedpur
  • Shikharji Mountain Peak, Giridih
  • Maithon Dam
  • Rock Garden of Ranchi
  • Naulakha Temple
  • The Hundru waterfall
  • Tata Steel Zoological Park
  • Betla National Park
Temples Jagannath Temple, Baidyanath Temple, Rajrappa Temple, Deori Temple
Waterfalls Hundru falls, Jonha fall, Dassam fall, Panch Gagh fall, Hirni fall, Sila fall
Dams Konar dam, Maithon dam, Tilaiya dam
Wildlife Sanctuaries
  • Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary
  • Hazaribagh Wildlife Sanctuary
  • Koderma Wildlife Sanctuary
  • Lawalong Wildlife Sanctuary
  • Mahuadand Wildlife Sanctuary
  • Palkot Wildlife Sanctuary
  • Crocodile breeding Centre (Muta)
  • Singhbhum Elephant Reserve
  • Topchachi Wildlife Sanctuary
  • Udhuwa Lake Bird Sancutary
National Park Hazaribagh, Betla-Palamu
Dances
  • Agni dance
  • Jhumar dance
  • Paika dance
  • Chhou dance
  • Santhal dance
Festivals Chhath Puja, Karma, Sarhul, Sohrai, Jityya Bhaiya Dooj
Industry
  • Bokaro – Steel Plant
  • Jamshedpur – Steel Plant
  • Jamshedpur – Locomotive (TELCO)
  • Jamshedpur – Timken India
  • Muri – Aluminium
  • Khilari – Cement
Tribes & Occupations
  • Simple artisans — Mahli, Lohra, Karmali, Chik Baraik
  • Settled agriculturists — Santhal, Munda, Oraon, Ho, Bhumij.
  • Hunter-gatherer type — Birhor, Korwa, Hill Kharia
  • Shifting Agriculture — Sauria Paharia
Institutions
  • Central Fuel Research Institute – Dhanbad.
  • Central Institute of Mining & Fuel Research (CMRI), Dhanbad.
  • National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur.
  • Institute of Forest Productivity, Ranchi.
  • Uranium Corporation of India, Jaduguda Mines, Jamshedpur

 

 

Historical Background

  • The region came under control of the Maurya Empire and much later (17th century) was later conquered by the Mughal emperors Jahangir and Aurangzeb.
  • With the Mughal decline the region came under local rulers from the Chero caste and others, before its subjugation by the British East India Company in the late 18th century.
  • Under the Raj, up to 1905 the region fell within the Bengal Presidency, most of it then being transferred to the Central Provinces and Orissa Tributary States; then in 1936 the whole region was assigned to the Eastern States Agency.
  • Following Indian independence in 1947, the region was divided between the new states of Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and Bihar.

Chota Nagpur Plateau

  • The plateau is a part of Deccan plateau that occupies most of peninsular India.
  • Chota Nagpur, actually a series of plateaus, hills, and valleys, covers nearly the entire state and consists primarily of crystalline rocks.
  • The main plateaus, Hazaribag and Ranchi, are separated by the faulted sedimentary coal-bearing basin of the Damodar River.

 

Facts

  • Ranchi is the Waterfall capital of Jharkhand.
  • The highest point in Jharkhand is formed by the conical granite peak of Parasnath, which rises to 4,477 feet (1,365 metres) on the Hazaribag plateau.
  • Birsa Munda (1875-1900) and Sidho and Kanho are the legendary heroes of the tribals of this state who fought against the oppressive rule of the British government.
  • The soil in the Damodar valley is sandy, but heavier red soils are typical of the plateau regions.
  • The natural vegetation is deciduous forest.
  • Chota Nagpur is rich in sal (Shorea robusta), a valuable hardwood.
  • Bamboo and bhabar (an Indian fibre grass; Ischaemum angustifolium) from Chota Nagpur supply raw materials for paper manufacture.
  • The Hazaribag Wildlife Sanctuary is noted for its Bengal tigers.
  • Nearly two-fifths of the population of Jharkhand consists of various indigenous peoples classified as Scheduled Tribes.
  • Languages from the Indo-European family are the most widely spoken in Jharkhand.
  • Hazaribagh plateau is famous for mica.
  • Hundru Falls’ on Subarnarekha River.
  • State occupies 1st position in coal reserve, 2nd position in Iron ore reserve, 3rd position in Copper ore reserve, 7th position in Bauxite reserve and is the sole producer of prime coking coal.

 

 

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