70th CONSTITUTION DAY

 

Constitution Day of India is celebrated on 26 November every year. Constitution Day of India is also known as Samvidhan Divas or National Law Day or National Constitution Day.

November 26 has a unique historical significance as it was on this day in 1949 that the Constitution was adopted, and, thereafter, came into force on January 26, 1950, marking the beginning of India as a republic.

 

Constitution of India

• With 448 articles in 25 parts, 12 schedules, 5 appendices, and 98 amendments, the Constitution of India is the longest written constitution of any independent country in the world.
• The original copies of the Constitution are now kept in special helium-filled cases in the Library of the Parliament of India.
• The Indian Constitution is known as a bag of borrowings and draws its features from the Constitutions of many countries.

 

BR Ambedkar and Constitution Day

• November 26 is celebrated as Samvidhan Diwas since 2015, when Prime Minister Narendra Modi marked the while laying the foundation stone of the Ambedkar memorial in Mumbai. It is celebrated to mark Ambedkar’s birth anniversary, remembering his contribution in the formation of the Constitution of India.
• A renowned social reformer, politician and jurist, Ambedkar is called the Father of Indian Constitution.
• He was appointed Chairman of the Drafting Committee of Constituent Assembly on August 29, 1947.
• Ambedkar emphasized on religious, gender and caste equality, and introduced the reservation system in the Constitution of India to create a social balance amongst the classes.

 

Borrowed Features:

Government of India Act of 1935

1. Federal Scheme
2. Office of Governor
3. Judiciary
4. Public Service Commissions
5. Emergency provisions
6. Administrative details

 

British Constitution

1. Parliamentary government
2. Nominal Head President (who will perform like the Queen)
3. Post of Prime Minister
4. Lower House more powerful
5. Single citizenship
6. Cabinet system
7. Prerogative writs
8. Parliamentary privileges
9. Bicameral Parliament
10. Speaker of Lok Sabha
11. Rule of Law
12. Legislative procedure

 

Ireland's Constitution

1. Concept of Directive Principles of State Policy (Ireland had borrowed it from Spain)
2. The nomination of members to Rajya Sabha by the President
3. Method of election of President

 

Unites States of America's Constitution

1. Written Constitution
2. Impeachment of the President
3. Supreme Court
4. Provision of States
5. Functions of President and Vice-President
6. Removal of Supreme Court and High Court judges
7. Fundamental Rights
8. Judicial review
9. Independence of Judiciary
10. The preamble of the Constitution

 

South African Constitution

1. Procedure for amendment of the Constitution
2. Election of members of Rajya Sabha

 

Canada's Constitution

1. Federation with a strong Centre
2. Vesting of residuary powers in the Centre
3. Appointment of state governors by the Centre
4. Advisory jurisdiction of the Supreme Court

 

French Constitution

1. The ideals of the Republic in the Preamble
2. The ideals of liberty in the Preamble
3. The ideals of equality in the Preamble
4. The ideals of fraternity in the Preamble

 

Australia's Constitution

1. Concurrent List
2. Freedom of trade
3. Commerce and intercourse
4. The joint sitting of the two Houses of Parliament
5. The language used in the Preamble

 

Soviet Constitution (USSR, now Russia)

1. Fundamental duties
2. The ideal of justice (social, economic and political) in the Preamble
3. Five-Year Plans

 

Germany's Constitution

1. Suspension of Fundamental Rights during the emergency

 

Japan's Constitution

1. Concept of “procedure established by Law”

 

Important Information

The Indian Constitution was not typeset or printed but was handwritten and calligraphed in both English and Hindi by Prem Behari Narain Raizada.

 

 

Source: India Today

 

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